Descreve-se a ocorrência de Aviadenovirus (FAdV) na avicultura mineira. Foram amostrados fígados de poedeiras jovens (n=25) e velhas (n=25) e de frangos de corte (n=300). Em matrizes pesadas foram amostrados fígados (n=25) e fezes (n=25). O estudo envolveu as principais regiões avícolas do Estado de Minas Gerais. O DNA de FAdV foi pesquisado por PCR universal, descrito para a amplificação do gene que codifica o hexon de Aviadenovirus, usando FAdV Phelps como referência. Foi demonstrada a presença do DNA de FAdV em 100% (25/25) das poedeiras velhas (78 semanas de idade) e em 36% (9/25) das jovens (18 dias). Em frangos de corte, a detecção variou entre 24 e 86%. Embora as fezes das matrizes tenham sido negativas, foi obtido o amplicon específico em 4/25 dos fígados dessas mesmas aves, indicando menor sensibilidade para detecção nas fezes. Em amostras da avicultura familiar (fígado), colhidas de uma das regiões de avicultura intensificada, foi detectado o genoma de FAdV em 100% das galinhas (n=12). A constatação de alta disseminação de FAdV em aves da avicultura industrial e familiar de Minas Gerais contribui para o entendimento da epidemiologia de Aviadenovirus. As sequências nucleotídicas dos produtos de PCR alinharam com FAdV da espécie D de Aviadenovirus. A demonstração de FAdV em reprodutores indica risco de transmissão vertical e reforça a necessidade de biosseguridade estrita nesses plantéis. A presença de FAdV em diversos setores avícolas, incluindo poedeiras comerciais, frangos de corte, reprodutores e galinhas da avicultura familiar, recomenda a biosseguridade estrita entre as criações de mesmo tipo e de tipos diferentes de aves. A detecção em matrizes pode indicar a continuada geração de progênies infectadas.

The occurrence of Aviadenovirus (FAdV) was investigated in chickens from the poultry industry of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The investigation was conducted due to the scarcity of recent data in the country and its description in neighboring countries. For this purpose, livers were collected from layer chicks (n=25), older layers (n=25), broilers (n=300), and livers (n=25) and stool (n=25) samples from broiler breeders, representing the major poultry regions of the state. FAdV DNA was demonstrated using a previously described PCR protocol for amplifying part of the hexon gene encoding sequence. FAdV was found in layer chicks (36%), widespread (100%) in older layers, and with regional differences in broilers (24-86%). Although all broiler breeder stools were negative, FAdV DNA was detected in livers (16%, 4/25) of stool-negative birds. In order to obtain additional information on the circulation of the infection, livers of subsistence chickens collected from one poultry intensive region, were evaluated (n = 12), with FAdV being detected in all samples. FAdV was found in young and old layers, broilers, broiler breeders and free-range chickens, and results suggest the circulation of FAdV among different types of chickens. The detection in older layer chickens may indicate an extended risk of horizontal transmission in regions of Minas Gerais with mixed activity of egg and meat type chickens and poor biosecurity strategies. The infection in breeders may indicate vertical transmission and the continuous production of infected progenies. The hexon-gene-targeted PCR amplicon sequences aligned with FAdV of species D of Aviadenovirus. Results indicate the necessity for biosecurity, especially for breeders, separating flocks according to origin, age and health status, which will be an advantage regarding any pathogen.

Avaliou-se a ocorrência de Orthoreovirus (ARV) e Rotavirus (AvRV) aviários na avicultura industrial de Minas Gerais. Foram colhidas cinquenta e quatro amostras de fezes de frangos de corte entre um e 45 dias e de frangas de postura de 10 a 13 semanas de idade. Para análise de ARV, o RNA foi imediatamente extraído (Trizol), transcrito em cDNA e avaliado em uma PCR com oligonucleotídeos iniciadores específicos para ARV. Para a investigação de AvRV, os extratos de RNA foram obtidos por fenol-clorofórmio e submetidos à eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida. Todas as amostras foram também avaliadas para o DNA do vírus da anemia das galinhas (CAV) em uma nested-PCR específica. Em frangos de corte, a positividade encontrada para ARV foi de 5,55% e para AvRV de 9,25%. CAV foi detectado em coinfecção em um plantel com refugagem, claudicação e prostração. Nenhuma amostra de poedeiras foi positiva para ARV ou AvRV. Material de plantel com sinais clínicos foi purificado e inoculado em ovos SPF embrionados, sendo obtidas lesões hemorrágicas e focos brancos na membrana cório-alantóide. O sequenciamento dos produtos de PCR e de embrião agrupou os isolados de ARV com a estirpe S1133, historicamente usada como vacina viva. Os resultados sugerem a continuada circulação da infecção por estirpes assemelhadas a ARV S1133 nas regiões de avicultura industrial. Os índices de detecção de ARV, AvRV e CAV indicam que a intensificação nas regiões produtoras tem resultado em falhas de biosseguridade.

Fifty-four fecal samples taken from broiler chickens from 1 to 45 days of age, and of pullets from 10 to 13 weeks of age, original from eight different poultry regions in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, were collected from March 2008 to January 2010 for avian Orthoreovirus (ARV) and avian Rotavirus (AvRV) analyses. For the assay of ARV, RNA was immediately extracted (Trizolâ) and transcribed into cDNA for assaying in a nested-PCR with ARV-specific primers. For AvRV, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was performed with RNA extracts obtained by phenol-chloroform extraction. CAV was additionally investigated through a nested-PCR of thymus and spleen. Results found 5.55% positive for ARV and 9.25% for AvRV. Also, CAV and ARV genomes were detected in co-infection, in a highly prostrated and claudicating chicken flock. No ARV or AvRV infections were detected in pullets. Material of a clinically affected flock was inoculated into SPF embryos, resulting in embryonic hemorrhage, whitish foci in the chorio-allantoic membrane and death. Sequencing of ARV amplicons and isolate cDNA grouped local strains with the ARV S1133 strain, historically used in live vaccines, suggesting the continued circulation of this vaccine virus strain in intensive poultry regions. Detection rates for ARV and AvRV, as well as the presence of CAV, were additionally indicative of failing biosecurity strategies for the intensive poultry regions examined.

Ourinhos is situated in one of the major sugar cane producing regions in the State of São Paulo, where the manual harvesting is generally preceded by burning the foliage, resulting in large quantities of aerosols being emitted into the atmosphere. A one- month pilot study was executed during August 2010, to characterize the effects of those emissions on the atmosphere, considering the local circulation and the consequences for the region. The plumes were tracked by IPMet´s two S-band Doppler radars, also deploying a large range of meteorological, physical and chemistry instrumentation: a mobile Lidar with Raman channel to observe elevated layers and the type of aerosols, a medium-sized Sodar, as well as 6 Automatic Weather Stations spread through town. Various gases and particulates were also sampled, providing the atmospheric chemistry data base and thus documenting the impact on the region. This paper highlights a case study on 26 August, when a plume was tracked by TITAN Radar Software from the start of the fire, moving southwards at 14-17 km.h-1 with the winds at about 3,5 km above ground level, until it reached Ourinhos 2h15min later, where it was observed by the Raman Lidar and also detected by the aerosol and gas samplers. The high aerosol load of the atmosphere was confirmed by hourly mean values of AOD varying between 0,265 and 0,288 until 07:00 LT, after which they increased to 0,433 by 09:00 LT, as well as hourly mean backscatter profiles. Hourly values of the Lidar Ratio identified the aerosols as biomass burning products, also confirmed through the analysis of gas and aerosol samples simultaneously collected at the Lidar site.

Background: There are gaps in the knowledge of factors which influence peritoneal potassium transport in peritoneal dialysis (PD). The aims of this study were to compare peritoneal potassium transport in PD patients undergoing 2.27% and 3.86% peritoneal equilibration tests (PET), and to disclose clinical correlates of this phenomenon. Method: Ninety PD patients underwent 2.27% and 3.86% PET, in a random order. We compared peritoneal potassium transport in both tests, and searched for correlations between D/P potassium at 240 minutes (main study variable) and PET-derived markers of peritoneal function and selected demographic, clinical and biochemical variables, using a multivariate approach. Main results: D/P potassium showed a good agreement between both PET, and presented a univariate association with creatinine transport, but not with plasma potassium, ultrafiltration or sodium dip. Age, PD modality, peritoneal glucose load, icodextrin, ACEI-ARA and calcium antagonist therapy, urinary potassium and glomerular filtration rate were other univariate correlates of potassium transport. Multivariate analysis confirmed D/P creatinine at 240 minutes (B = 0.40 [95% CI 0.26-0.53] 2.27%, B = 0.36 [0.21-0.51] 3.86%,p <0.0005) as the main predictor of D/P potassium at 240'. Urinary potassium, rather than glomerular filtration rate, sustained also an inverse correlation with the dependent variable. Treatment with ACEI-ARA was consistently associated with peritoneal potassium transport (3.86% PET) (B = 0,08 [0.04-0.12], p <0.0005). Conclusions: The 2.27% and the 3.86% PET show a good agreement at the time of estimating peritoneal potassium transport. Urinary potassium excretion and treatment with ACEI-ARA (3.86% test) show an independent association with peritoneal potassium transport rates.

Introducción: El conocimiento de los factores que determinan el transporte peritoneal de potasio en diálisis peritoneal (DP) es incompleto. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron comparar el transporte peritoneal de potasio en pruebas de equilibrio peritoneal (PEP) con soluciones de glucosa al 2,27 y al 3,86%, y desvelar factores con influencia en este fenómeno. Método: Noventa pacientes en DP fueron sometidos a PEP al 2,27 y al 3,86%, en orden aleatorio. Comparamos el transporte de potasio en ambas pruebas, buscando correlaciones del cociente D/P de potasio a 240 minutos (variable principal) con marcadores de función peritoneal durante PEP, y con diferentes variables demográficas, clínicas y bioquímicas, usando una estrategia multivariante. Resultados: El D/P de potasio presentó buena concordancia en ambas PEP, mostrando asociación univariante con el D/P de creatinina, pero no con potasio plasmático, ultrafiltración o descenso de sodio. La edad, tipo de DP, carga peritoneal de glucosa, icodextrina, tratamiento con IECA-ARA o calcioantagonistas, potasio urinario y filtrado glomerular tuvieron una correlación univariante con el transporte de potasio. En el análisis multivariante, el D/P de creatinina a 240 minutos (B = 0,40 [IC 95%: 0,26-0,53] 2,27%; B = 0,36 [0,21-0,51] 3,86%; p <0,0005) fue el predictor esencial del D/P de potasio a 240'. La excreción urinaria de potasio también tuvo una correlación inversa con la variable principal. Asimismo, el tratamiento con IECA-ARA se asoció de forma consistente con el transporte peritoneal de potasio, pero sólo en la PEP al 3,86% (B = 0,08 [0,04-0,12]; p <0,0005). Conclusiones: Las PEP al 2,27 y al 3,86% estiman de manera concordante el transporte peritoneal de potasio. Aunque el transporte de creatinina es el predictor principal del de potasio, la excreción urinaria de potasio y el tratamiento con IECA-ARA se asocian de manera independiente con el fenómeno citado.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a utilização do Agaricus blazei nas formas de filtrado e suspensão total aquosa (10mg/animal) na terapêutica de camundongos portadores de tumor de Ehrlich sólido, testando sua atividade anti-neoplásica. Os animais tratados diariamente com A. blazei apresentaram valores maiores dos parâmetros hematológicos (eritrograma e leucograma), e peso relativo final do baço quando comparados com o grupo controle (água destilada), porém sem diferença significativa (P>0,05).

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antineoplastic properties of the aqueous suspension and filtrate (10mg/animal), Agaricus blazei on the solid Ehrlich tumor in mice. Groups treated with A. blazei had higher values of eritrogram and leukogram, and higher relative final spleen weight when compared to control (distillated water), but not statistically different (p>0,05).